以太坊 交易池(txpool)

本文讲解交易 tx 从发出到被打包都经历了哪些过程?txpool在这个过程中又起到什么作用?

1. txpool 启动参数

--txpool.nolocals            为本地提交交易禁用价格豁免
--txpool.journal value       本地交易的磁盘日志:用于节点重启 (默认: "transactions.rlp")
--txpool.rejournal value     重新生成本地交易日志的时间间隔 (默认: 1小时)
--txpool.pricelimit value    加入交易池的最小的gas价格限制(默认: 1)
--txpool.pricebump value     价格波动百分比(相对之前已有交易) (默认: 10)
--txpool.accountslots value  每个帐户保证可执行的最少交易槽数量  (默认: 16)
--txpool.globalslots value   所有帐户可执行的最大交易槽数量 (默认: 4096)
--txpool.accountqueue value  每个帐户允许的最多非可执行交易槽数量 (默认: 64)
--txpool.globalqueue value   所有帐户非可执行交易最大槽数量  (默认: 1024)
--txpool.lifetime value      非可执行交易最大入队时间(默认: 3小时)

2. txpool查看内容

> txpool.content
{
  pending: {},
  queued: {}
}

txpool 由 pending 和 queued 两部分构成。那么他们两者有什么分别呢?一个为待打包状态,一个为队列排队中。这里我们发起了两笔不同的交易:

> eth.sendTransaction({from:"0xdae19174969a7404e222c24b6726e4d089c12768",to:"0x5929a871f57a1C5F7E4eA304CAe92DACD1C1556b",value:web3.toWei(0.01,"ether"),gasPrice:21000000000,nonce:2});
"0x7db7883bb23a31deb9f01b5e6fb28363b1aee1b9b6797ea8b5706be170a1187c"

> eth.sendTransaction({from:"0xdae19174969a7404e222c24b6726e4d089c12768",to:"0x5929a871f57a1C5F7E4eA304CAe92DACD1C1556b",value:web3.toWei(0.01,"ether")});
"0x2784a79a8c454c72700e7be3b31c1c98ceaea232ca4992a6830b0fc999ebb653"

很显然,第一笔交易指定了 nonce 为2,第二笔交易未指定 nonce 值,因为此地址没有发起过交易那么 nonce 值默认为 0。这时我们再看一下 txpool 中的内容:

> txpool.content
{
  pending: {
    0xdAE19174969A7404e222c24B6726E4D089c12768: {
      0: {
        blockHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        blockNumber: null,
        from: "0xdae19174969a7404e222c24b6726e4d089c12768",
        gas: "0x15f90",
        gasPrice: "0x1",
        hash: "0x2784a79a8c454c72700e7be3b31c1c98ceaea232ca4992a6830b0fc999ebb653",
        input: "0x",
        nonce: "0x0",
        r: "0xdabcd46d8d0b61e468d9f10119d544437f89cd094c35a89e5cbed298faf52c4a",
        s: "0x3670f23ecfb0a12e982a60438640fe042eefc50646a077de0244a8d67a84af9e",
        to: "0x5929a871f57a1c5f7e4ea304cae92dacd1c1556b",
        transactionIndex: "0x0",
        v: "0xa95",
        value: "0x2386f26fc10000"
      }
    }
  },
  queued: {
    0xdAE19174969A7404e222c24B6726E4D089c12768: {
      2: {
        blockHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        blockNumber: null,
        from: "0xdae19174969a7404e222c24b6726e4d089c12768",
        gas: "0x15f90",
        gasPrice: "0x4e3b29200",
        hash: "0x7db7883bb23a31deb9f01b5e6fb28363b1aee1b9b6797ea8b5706be170a1187c",
        input: "0x",
        nonce: "0x2",
        r: "0xa8953a87c326c02da9d7a712d6c7ac0cd415cbc71ea0c24423f9e01b1fec65bd",
        s: "0x3faefc3a0db585a67f02996a7167890e41ff5fd8fd4be6efff3bea7a797fad29",
        to: "0x5929a871f57a1c5f7e4ea304cae92dacd1c1556b",
        transactionIndex: "0x0",
        v: "0xa96",
        value: "0x2386f26fc10000"
      }
    }
  }
}

现在 txpool 中有两笔交易,其中 nonce 为 0 的在 pending 中,nonce 为 2 的在 queued 中。为什么只有 nonce 不同的两笔交易,在 txpool 中的位置却不同呢?

3. txpool 处理流程

首先,如果不传入nonce值,那么geth节点会默认计算当前地址已经发起了的交易中最大的nonce值为多少,然后将其+1,然后将此交易放置在pending中,等待节点打包。

其次,如果传入的nonce值过大,在进入txpool中检查到它之前的nonce并没有使用过,那么此笔交易不会发送到pending中,而且放置在queued中。只有当前面的nonce补齐之后,才会进入到pending中。那么,我们再发一笔交易把nonce补齐看看:

> eth.sendTransaction({from:"0xdae19174969a7404e222c24b6726e4d089c12768",to:"0x5929a871f57a1C5F7E4eA304CAe92DACD1C1556b",value:web3.toWei(0.01,"ether")});
"0x7ee17d38405c01bab4eec4d9dc62a6bba98283e243a2d9132187706485878ef5"

> txpool.content
{
  pending: {
    0xdAE19174969A7404e222c24B6726E4D089c12768: {
      0: {
        blockHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        blockNumber: null,
        from: "0xdae19174969a7404e222c24b6726e4d089c12768",
        gas: "0x15f90",
        gasPrice: "0x1",
        hash: "0x2784a79a8c454c72700e7be3b31c1c98ceaea232ca4992a6830b0fc999ebb653",
        input: "0x",
        nonce: "0x0",
        r: "0xdabcd46d8d0b61e468d9f10119d544437f89cd094c35a89e5cbed298faf52c4a",
        s: "0x3670f23ecfb0a12e982a60438640fe042eefc50646a077de0244a8d67a84af9e",
        to: "0x5929a871f57a1c5f7e4ea304cae92dacd1c1556b",
        transactionIndex: "0x0",
        v: "0xa95",
        value: "0x2386f26fc10000"
      },
      1: {
        blockHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        blockNumber: null,
        from: "0xdae19174969a7404e222c24b6726e4d089c12768",
        gas: "0x15f90",
        gasPrice: "0x1",
        hash: "0x7ee17d38405c01bab4eec4d9dc62a6bba98283e243a2d9132187706485878ef5",
        input: "0x",
        nonce: "0x1",
        r: "0xe03fb4d94b0ff04107c855bfd88a84ecdefb03f4c9b0cea5341591aa69d4751e",
        s: "0x4d2f60f4045e5492cd4818145cec73c78b00e0cff57026c4528d91a82dee76e1",
        to: "0x5929a871f57a1c5f7e4ea304cae92dacd1c1556b",
        transactionIndex: "0x0",
        v: "0xa96",
        value: "0x2386f26fc10000"
      },
      2: {
        blockHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
        blockNumber: null,
        from: "0xdae19174969a7404e222c24b6726e4d089c12768",
        gas: "0x15f90",
        gasPrice: "0x4e3b29200",
        hash: "0x7db7883bb23a31deb9f01b5e6fb28363b1aee1b9b6797ea8b5706be170a1187c",
        input: "0x",
        nonce: "0x2",
        r: "0xa8953a87c326c02da9d7a712d6c7ac0cd415cbc71ea0c24423f9e01b1fec65bd",
        s: "0x3faefc3a0db585a67f02996a7167890e41ff5fd8fd4be6efff3bea7a797fad29",
        to: "0x5929a871f57a1c5f7e4ea304cae92dacd1c1556b",
        transactionIndex: "0x0",
        v: "0xa96",
        value: "0x2386f26fc10000"
      }
    }
  },
  queued: {}
}

很明显,当中间的nonce被补齐之后,原来处于queued当中的交易被放置到了pending中。

4. 经验之谈

前文提到的如何处理过期交易中提到了补齐 nonce 和设置 –txpool.lifetime 也是基于今天这批文章讲述的基础逻辑。除此之外,我们还要了解一下 –txpool.accountqueue参数,它定义了每个账户在本节点 queued 中存放的最多的交易个数,默认是 64 个交易。

另外为了避免手续费过低导致交易一直存在于 txpool 当中占用内存,可以通过 console 设置手续费的最低值:

>miner.setGasPrice(51000000000)
true

或者在启动参数上添加:

--gasprice "51000000000"

以太坊 交易结构、执行、存储:一、 交易的结构1. Transaction结构交易结构定义在 core/types/transaction.go 中:type Transaction struct { //交易数据 data ...